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558 lines
22 KiB
Markdown
558 lines
22 KiB
Markdown
# Quantum Mechanical Keyboard Firmware
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You have found the QMK Firmware documentation site. This is a keyboard firmware based on the [tmk_keyboard firmware](http://github.com/tmk/tmk_keyboard) with some useful features for Atmel AVR controllers, and more specifically, the [OLKB product line](http://olkb.com), the [ErgoDox EZ](http://www.ergodox-ez.com) keyboard, and the [Clueboard product line](http://clueboard.co/). It has also been ported to ARM chips using ChibiOS. You can use it to power your own hand-wired or custom keyboard PCB.
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# Getting started
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Before you are able to compile, you'll need to install an environment for AVR development. You'll find the instructions for any OS below. If you find another/better way to set things up from scratch, please consider [making a pull request](https://github.com/qmk/qmk_firmware/pulls) with your changes!
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* [Build Environment Setup](Build-Environment-Setup)
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* [QMK Overview](QMK-Overview)
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# Going beyond the keycodes
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Aside from the [basic keycodes](https://github.com/qmk/qmk_firmware/wiki/Keycodes), your keymap can include shortcuts to common operations.
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## Quick aliases to common actions
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Your keymap can include shortcuts to common operations (called "function actions" in tmk). To learn more about them check out the [Key Functions](Key-Functions) page.
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## Space Cadet Shift: The future, built in
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Steve Losh [described](http://stevelosh.com/blog/2012/10/a-modern-space-cadet/) the Space Cadet Shift quite well. Essentially, you hit the left Shift on its own, and you get an opening parenthesis; hit the right Shift on its own, and you get the closing one. When hit with other keys, the Shift key keeps working as it always does. Yes, it's as cool as it sounds. Head on over to the [Space Cadet Shift](Space-Cadet-Shift) page to read about it.
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## The Leader key: A new kind of modifier
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Most modifiers have to be held or toggled. But what if you had a key that indicated the start of a sequence? You could press that key and then rapidly press 1-3 more keys to trigger a macro, or enter a special layer, or anything else you might want to do. To learn more about it check out the [Leader Key](Leader-Key) page.
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## Tap Dance: A single key can do 3, 5, or 100 different things
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Hit the semicolon key once, send a semicolon. Hit it twice, rapidly -- send a colon. Hit it three times, and your keyboard's LEDs do a wild dance. That's just one example of what Tap Dance can do. Read more about it on the [Tap Dance](Tap-Dance) page.
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## Temporarily setting the default layer
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`DF(layer)` - sets default layer to *layer*. The default layer is the one at the "bottom" of the layer stack - the ultimate fallback layer. This currently does not persist over power loss. When you plug the keyboard back in, layer 0 will always be the default. It is theoretically possible to work around that, but that's not what `DF` does.
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## Macro shortcuts: Send a whole string when pressing just one key
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How would you like a single keypress to send a whole word, sentence, paragraph, or even document? Head on over to the [Macros](Macros) page to read up on all aspects of Simple and Dynamic Macros.
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## Additional keycode aliases for software-implemented layouts (Colemak, Dvorak, etc)
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Everything is assuming you're in Qwerty (in software) by default, but there is built-in support for using a Colemak or Dvorak layout by including this at the top of your keymap:
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#include <keymap_colemak.h>
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If you use Dvorak, use `keymap_dvorak.h` instead of `keymap_colemak.h` for this line. After including this line, you will get access to:
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* `CM_*` for all of the Colemak-equivalent characters
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* `DV_*` for all of the Dvorak-equivalent characters
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These implementations assume you're using Colemak or Dvorak on your OS, not on your keyboard - this is referred to as a software-implemented layout. If your computer is in Qwerty and your keymap is in Colemak or Dvorak, this is referred to as a firmware-implemented layout, and you won't need these features.
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To give an example, if you're using software-implemented Colemak, and want to get an `F`, you would use `CM_F` - `KC_F` under these same circumstances would result in `T`.
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## Backlight Breathing
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In order to enable backlight breathing, the following line must be added to your config.h file.
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#define BACKLIGHT_BREATHING
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The following function calls are used to control the breathing effect.
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* ```breathing_enable()``` - Enable the free-running breathing effect.
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* ```breathing_disable()``` - Disable the free-running breathing effect immediately.
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* ```breathing_self_disable()``` - Disable the free-running breathing effect after the current effect ends.
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* ```breathing_toggle()``` - Toggle the free-running breathing effect.
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* ```breathing_defaults()``` - Reset the speed and brightness settings of the breathing effect.
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The following function calls are used to control the maximum brightness of the breathing effect.
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* ```breathing_intensity_set(value)``` - Set the brightness of the breathing effect when it is at its max value.
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* ```breathing_intensity_default()``` - Reset the brightness of the breathing effect to the default value based on the current backlight intensity.
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The following function calls are used to control the cycling speed of the breathing effect.
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* ```breathing_speed_set(value)``` - Set the speed of the breathing effect - how fast it cycles.
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* ```breathing_speed_inc(value)``` - Increase the speed of the breathing effect by a fixed value.
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* ```breathing_speed_dec(value)``` - Decrease the speed of the breathing effect by a fixed value.
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* ```breathing_speed_default()``` - Reset the speed of the breathing effect to the default value.
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The following example shows how to enable the backlight breathing effect when the FUNCTION layer macro button is pressed:
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case MACRO_FUNCTION:
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if (record->event.pressed)
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{
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breathing_speed_set(3);
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breathing_enable();
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layer_on(LAYER_FUNCTION);
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}
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else
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{
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breathing_speed_set(1);
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breathing_self_disable();
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layer_off(LAYER_FUNCTION);
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}
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break;
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The following example shows how to pulse the backlight on-off-on when the RAISED layer macro button is pressed:
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case MACRO_RAISED:
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if (record->event.pressed)
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{
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layer_on(LAYER_RAISED);
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breathing_speed_set(2);
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breathing_pulse();
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update_tri_layer(LAYER_LOWER, LAYER_RAISED, LAYER_ADJUST);
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}
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else
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{
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layer_off(LAYER_RAISED);
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update_tri_layer(LAYER_LOWER, LAYER_RAISED, LAYER_ADJUST);
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}
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break;
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## Other firmware shortcut keycodes
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* `RESET` - puts the MCU in DFU mode for flashing new firmware (with `make dfu`)
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* `DEBUG` - the firmware into debug mode - you'll need hid_listen to see things
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* `BL_ON` - turns the backlight on
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* `BL_OFF` - turns the backlight off
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* `BL_<n>` - sets the backlight to level *n*
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* `BL_INC` - increments the backlight level by one
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* `BL_DEC` - decrements the backlight level by one
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* `BL_TOGG` - toggles the backlight
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* `BL_STEP` - steps through the backlight levels
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Enable the backlight from the Makefile.
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# Custom Quantum functions
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All of these functions are available in the `*_kb()` or `*_user()` variety. `kb` ones should only be used in the `<keyboard>/<keyboard>.c` file, and `user` ones should only be used in the `keymap.c`. The keyboard ones call the user ones - it's necessary to keep these calls to allow the keymap functions to work correctly.
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## `void matrix_init_*(void)`
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This function gets called when the matrix is initiated, and can contain start-up code for your keyboard/keymap.
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## `void matrix_scan_*(void)`
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This function gets called at every matrix scan, which is basically as often as the MCU can handle. Be careful what you put here, as it will get run a lot.
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## `bool process_record_*(uint16_t keycode, keyrecord_t *record)`
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This function gets called on every keypress/release, and is where you can define custom functionality. The return value is whether or not QMK should continue processing the keycode - returning `false` stops the execution.
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The `keycode` variable is whatever is defined in your keymap, eg `MO(1)`, `KC_L`, etc. and can be switch-cased to execute code whenever a particular code is pressed.
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The `record` variable contains infomation about the actual press:
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```
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keyrecord_t record {
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keyevent_t event {
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keypos_t key {
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uint8_t col
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uint8_t row
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}
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bool pressed
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uint16_t time
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}
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}
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```
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The conditional `if (record->event.pressed)` can tell if the key is being pressed or released, and you can execute code based on that.
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## `void led_set_*(uint8_t usb_led)`
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This gets called whenever there is a state change on your host LEDs (eg caps lock, scroll lock, etc). The LEDs are defined as:
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```
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#define USB_LED_NUM_LOCK 0
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#define USB_LED_CAPS_LOCK 1
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#define USB_LED_SCROLL_LOCK 2
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#define USB_LED_COMPOSE 3
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#define USB_LED_KANA 4
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```
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and can be tested against the `usb_led` with a conditional like `if (usb_led & (1<<USB_LED_CAPS_LOCK))` - if this is true, you can turn your LED on, otherwise turn it off.
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# Modding your keyboard
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## Audio output from a speaker
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Your keyboard can make sounds! If you've got a Planck, Preonic, or basically any keyboard that allows access to the C6 port, you can hook up a simple speaker and make it beep. You can use those beeps to indicate layer transitions, modifiers, special keys, or just to play some funky 8bit tunes.
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The audio code lives in [quantum/audio/audio.h](/quantum/audio/audio.h) and in the other files in the audio directory. It's enabled by default on the Planck [stock keymap](/keyboards/planck/keymaps/default/keymap.c). Here are the important bits:
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```
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#include "audio.h"
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```
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Then, lower down the file:
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```
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float tone_startup[][2] = {
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ED_NOTE(_E7 ),
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E__NOTE(_CS7),
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E__NOTE(_E6 ),
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E__NOTE(_A6 ),
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M__NOTE(_CS7, 20)
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};
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```
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This is how you write a song. Each of these lines is a note, so we have a little ditty composed of five notes here.
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Then, we have this chunk:
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```
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float tone_qwerty[][2] = SONG(QWERTY_SOUND);
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float tone_dvorak[][2] = SONG(DVORAK_SOUND);
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float tone_colemak[][2] = SONG(COLEMAK_SOUND);
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float tone_plover[][2] = SONG(PLOVER_SOUND);
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float tone_plover_gb[][2] = SONG(PLOVER_GOODBYE_SOUND);
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float music_scale[][2] = SONG(MUSIC_SCALE_SOUND);
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float goodbye[][2] = SONG(GOODBYE_SOUND);
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```
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Wherein we bind predefined songs (from [quantum/audio/song_list.h](/quantum/audio/song_list.h)) into named variables. This is one optimization that helps save on memory: These songs only take up memory when you reference them in your keymap, because they're essentially all preprocessor directives.
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So now you have something called `tone_plover` for example. How do you make it play the Plover tune, then? If you look further down the keymap, you'll see this:
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```
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PLAY_NOTE_ARRAY(tone_plover, false, 0); // Signature is: Song name, repeat, rest style
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```
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This is inside one of the macros. So when that macro executes, your keyboard plays that particular chime.
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"Rest style" in the method signature above (the last parameter) specifies if there's a rest (a moment of silence) between the notes.
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## Recording And Playing back Music
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* ```Music On``` - Turn music mode on. The default mapping is ```Lower+Upper+C```
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* ```LCTL``` - start a recording
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* play some tones
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* ```LALT``` - stop recording, stop playing
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* ```LGUI``` - play recording
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* ```LALT``` - stop playing
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* ```Music Off``` - Turn music mode off. The default mapping is ```Lower+Upper+V```
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## MIDI functionalty
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This is still a WIP, but check out `quantum/keymap_midi.c` to see what's happening. Enable from the Makefile.
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## Bluetooth functionality
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This requires [some hardware changes](https://www.reddit.com/r/MechanicalKeyboards/comments/3psx0q/the_planck_keyboard_with_bluetooth_guide_and/?ref=search_posts), but can be enabled via the Makefile. The firmware will still output characters via USB, so be aware of this when charging via a computer. It would make sense to have a switch on the Bluefruit to turn it off at will.
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## RGB Under Glow Mod
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Here is a quick demo on Youtube (with NPKC KC60) (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VKrpPAHlisY).
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For this mod, you need an unused pin wiring to DI of WS2812 strip. After wiring the VCC, GND, and DI, you can enable the underglow in your Makefile.
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RGBLIGHT_ENABLE = yes
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In order to use the underglow animation functions, you need to have `#define RGBLIGHT_ANIMATIONS` in your `config.h`.
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Please add the following options into your config.h, and set them up according your hardware configuration. These settings are for the `F4` pin by default:
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#define RGB_DI_PIN F4 // The pin your RGB strip is wired to
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#define RGBLIGHT_ANIMATIONS // Require for fancier stuff (not compatible with audio)
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#define RGBLED_NUM 14 // Number of LEDs
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#define RGBLIGHT_HUE_STEP 10
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#define RGBLIGHT_SAT_STEP 17
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#define RGBLIGHT_VAL_STEP 17
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You'll need to edit `RGB_DI_PIN` to the pin you have your `DI` on your RGB strip wired to.
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The firmware supports 5 different light effects, and the color (hue, saturation, brightness) can be customized in most effects. To control the underglow, you need to modify your keymap file to assign those functions to some keys/key combinations. For details, please check this keymap. `keyboards/planck/keymaps/yang/keymap.c`
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### WS2812 Wiring
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Please note the USB port can only supply a limited amount of power to the keyboard (500mA by standard, however, modern computer and most usb hubs can provide 700+mA.). According to the data of NeoPixel from Adafruit, 30 WS2812 LEDs require a 5V 1A power supply, LEDs used in this mod should not more than 20.
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## PS/2 Mouse Support
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Its possible to hook up a PS/2 mouse (for example touchpads or trackpoints) to your keyboard as a composite device.
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There are three available modes for hooking up PS/2 devices: USART (best), interrupts (better) or busywait (not recommended).
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### Busywait version
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Note: This is not recommended, you may encounter jerky movement or unsent inputs. Please use interrupt or USART version if possible.
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In rules.mk:
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```
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PS2_MOUSE_ENABLE = yes
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PS2_USE_BUSYWAIT = yes
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```
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In your keyboard config.h:
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```
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#ifdef PS2_USE_BUSYWAIT
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# define PS2_CLOCK_PORT PORTD
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# define PS2_CLOCK_PIN PIND
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# define PS2_CLOCK_DDR DDRD
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# define PS2_CLOCK_BIT 1
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# define PS2_DATA_PORT PORTD
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# define PS2_DATA_PIN PIND
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# define PS2_DATA_DDR DDRD
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# define PS2_DATA_BIT 2
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#endif
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```
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### Interrupt version
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The following example uses D2 for clock and D5 for data. You can use any INT or PCINT pin for clock, and any pin for data.
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In rules.mk:
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```
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PS2_MOUSE_ENABLE = yes
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PS2_USE_INT = yes
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```
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In your keyboard config.h:
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```
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#ifdef PS2_USE_INT
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#define PS2_CLOCK_PORT PORTD
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#define PS2_CLOCK_PIN PIND
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#define PS2_CLOCK_DDR DDRD
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#define PS2_CLOCK_BIT 2
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#define PS2_DATA_PORT PORTD
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#define PS2_DATA_PIN PIND
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#define PS2_DATA_DDR DDRD
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#define PS2_DATA_BIT 5
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#define PS2_INT_INIT() do { \
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EICRA |= ((1<<ISC21) | \
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(0<<ISC20)); \
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} while (0)
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#define PS2_INT_ON() do { \
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EIMSK |= (1<<INT2); \
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} while (0)
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#define PS2_INT_OFF() do { \
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EIMSK &= ~(1<<INT2); \
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} while (0)
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#define PS2_INT_VECT INT2_vect
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#endif
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```
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### USART version
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To use USART on the ATMega32u4, you have to use PD5 for clock and PD2 for data. If one of those are unavailable, you need to use interrupt version.
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In rules.mk:
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```
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PS2_MOUSE_ENABLE = yes
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PS2_USE_USART = yes
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```
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In your keyboard config.h:
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```
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#ifdef PS2_USE_USART
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#define PS2_CLOCK_PORT PORTD
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#define PS2_CLOCK_PIN PIND
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#define PS2_CLOCK_DDR DDRD
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#define PS2_CLOCK_BIT 5
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#define PS2_DATA_PORT PORTD
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#define PS2_DATA_PIN PIND
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#define PS2_DATA_DDR DDRD
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#define PS2_DATA_BIT 2
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/* synchronous, odd parity, 1-bit stop, 8-bit data, sample at falling edge */
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/* set DDR of CLOCK as input to be slave */
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#define PS2_USART_INIT() do { \
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PS2_CLOCK_DDR &= ~(1<<PS2_CLOCK_BIT); \
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PS2_DATA_DDR &= ~(1<<PS2_DATA_BIT); \
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UCSR1C = ((1 << UMSEL10) | \
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(3 << UPM10) | \
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(0 << USBS1) | \
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(3 << UCSZ10) | \
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(0 << UCPOL1)); \
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UCSR1A = 0; \
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UBRR1H = 0; \
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UBRR1L = 0; \
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} while (0)
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#define PS2_USART_RX_INT_ON() do { \
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UCSR1B = ((1 << RXCIE1) | \
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(1 << RXEN1)); \
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} while (0)
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#define PS2_USART_RX_POLL_ON() do { \
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UCSR1B = (1 << RXEN1); \
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} while (0)
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#define PS2_USART_OFF() do { \
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UCSR1C = 0; \
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UCSR1B &= ~((1 << RXEN1) | \
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(1 << TXEN1)); \
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} while (0)
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#define PS2_USART_RX_READY (UCSR1A & (1<<RXC1))
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#define PS2_USART_RX_DATA UDR1
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#define PS2_USART_ERROR (UCSR1A & ((1<<FE1) | (1<<DOR1) | (1<<UPE1)))
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#define PS2_USART_RX_VECT USART1_RX_vect
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#endif
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#endif
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#endif
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```
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### Additional Settings
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#### PS/2 mouse features
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These enable settings supported by the PS/2 mouse protocol: http://www.computer-engineering.org/ps2mouse/
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```
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/* Use remote mode instead of the default stream mode (see link) */
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#define PS2_MOUSE_USE_REMOTE_MODE
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/* Enable the scrollwheel or scroll gesture on your mouse or touchpad */
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#define PS2_MOUSE_ENABLE_SCROLLING
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/* Some mice will need a scroll mask to be configured. The default is 0xFF. */
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#define PS2_MOUSE_SCROLL_MASK 0x0F
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/* Applies a transformation to the movement before sending to the host (see link) */
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#define PS2_MOUSE_USE_2_1_SCALING
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/* The time to wait after initializing the ps2 host */
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#define PS2_MOUSE_INIT_DELAY 1000 /* Default */
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```
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You can also call the following functions from ps2_mouse.h
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```
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void ps2_mouse_disable_data_reporting(void);
|
|
|
|
void ps2_mouse_enable_data_reporting(void);
|
|
|
|
void ps2_mouse_set_remote_mode(void);
|
|
|
|
void ps2_mouse_set_stream_mode(void);
|
|
|
|
void ps2_mouse_set_scaling_2_1(void);
|
|
|
|
void ps2_mouse_set_scaling_1_1(void);
|
|
|
|
void ps2_mouse_set_resolution(ps2_mouse_resolution_t resolution);
|
|
|
|
void ps2_mouse_set_sample_rate(ps2_mouse_sample_rate_t sample_rate);
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### Fine control
|
|
|
|
Use the following defines to change the sensitivity and speed of the mouse.
|
|
Note: you can also use `ps2_mouse_set_resolution` for the same effect (not supported on most touchpads).
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
#define PS2_MOUSE_X_MULTIPLIER 3
|
|
#define PS2_MOUSE_Y_MULTIPLIER 3
|
|
#define PS2_MOUSE_V_MULTIPLIER 1
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### Scroll button
|
|
|
|
If you're using a trackpoint, you will likely want to be able to use it for scrolling.
|
|
Its possible to enable a "scroll button/s" that when pressed will cause the mouse to scroll instead of moving.
|
|
To enable the feature, you must set a scroll button mask as follows:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
#define PS2_MOUSE_SCROLL_BTN_MASK (1<<PS2_MOUSE_BUTTON_MIDDLE) /* Default */
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
To disable the scroll button feature:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
#define PS2_MOUSE_SCROLL_BTN_MASK 0
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
The available buttons are:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
#define PS2_MOUSE_BTN_LEFT 0
|
|
#define PS2_MOUSE_BTN_RIGHT 1
|
|
#define PS2_MOUSE_BTN_MIDDLE 2
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
You can also combine buttons in the mask by `|`ing them together.
|
|
|
|
Once you've configured your scroll button mask, you must configure the scroll button send interval.
|
|
This is the interval before which if the scroll buttons were released they would be sent to the host.
|
|
After this interval, they will cause the mouse to scroll and will not be sent.
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
#define PS2_MOUSE_SCROLL_BTN_SEND 300 /* Default */
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
To disable sending the scroll buttons:
|
|
```
|
|
#define PS2_MOUSE_SCROLL_BTN_SEND 0
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Fine control over the scrolling is supported with the following defines:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
#define PS2_MOUSE_SCROLL_DIVISOR_H 2
|
|
#define PS2_MOUSE_SCROLL_DIVISOR_V 2
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### Debug settings
|
|
|
|
To debug the mouse, add `debug_mouse = true` or enable via bootmagic.
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
/* To debug the mouse reports */
|
|
#define PS2_MOUSE_DEBUG_HID
|
|
#define PS2_MOUSE_DEBUG_RAW
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Safety Considerations
|
|
|
|
You probably don't want to "brick" your keyboard, making it impossible
|
|
to rewrite firmware onto it. Here are some of the parameters to show
|
|
what things are (and likely aren't) too risky.
|
|
|
|
- If your keyboard map does not include RESET, then, to get into DFU
|
|
mode, you will need to press the reset button on the PCB, which
|
|
requires unscrewing the bottom.
|
|
- Messing with tmk_core / common files might make the keyboard
|
|
inoperable
|
|
- Too large a .hex file is trouble; `make dfu` will erase the block,
|
|
test the size (oops, wrong order!), which errors out, failing to
|
|
flash the keyboard, leaving it in DFU mode.
|
|
- To this end, note that the maximum .hex file size on Planck is
|
|
7000h (28672 decimal)
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
Linking: .build/planck_rev4_cbbrowne.elf [OK]
|
|
Creating load file for Flash: .build/planck_rev4_cbbrowne.hex [OK]
|
|
|
|
Size after:
|
|
text data bss dec hex filename
|
|
0 22396 0 22396 577c planck_rev4_cbbrowne.hex
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
- The above file is of size 22396/577ch, which is less than
|
|
28672/7000h
|
|
- As long as you have a suitable alternative .hex file around, you
|
|
can retry, loading that one
|
|
- Some of the options you might specify in your keyboard's Makefile
|
|
consume extra memory; watch out for BOOTMAGIC_ENABLE,
|
|
MOUSEKEY_ENABLE, EXTRAKEY_ENABLE, CONSOLE_ENABLE, API_SYSEX_ENABLE
|
|
- DFU tools do /not/ allow you to write into the bootloader (unless
|
|
you throw in extra fruitsalad of options), so there is little risk
|
|
there.
|
|
- EEPROM has around a 100000 write cycle. You shouldn't rewrite the
|
|
firmware repeatedly and continually; that'll burn the EEPROM
|
|
eventually.
|
|
|