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[Docs] newbs_flashing.md: place bootloader instructions before Toolbox intro (#9077)

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# Flashing Your Keyboard # Flashing Your Keyboard
Now that you've built a custom firmware file you'll want to flash your keyboard. Now that you've built a custom firmware file you'll want to flash your keyboard.
## Put Your Keyboard into DFU (Bootloader) Mode
In order to flash your custom firmware you must first put your keyboard into a special flashing mode. While it is in this mode you will not be able to type or otherwise use your keyboard. It is very important that you do not unplug the keyboard or otherwise interrupt the flashing process while the firmware is being written.
Different keyboards have different ways to enter this special mode. If your PCB currently runs QMK, TMK, or PS2AVRGB (Bootmapper Client) and you have not been given specific instructions, try the following, in order:
* Hold down both shift keys and press `Pause`
* Hold down both shift keys and press `B`
* Unplug your keyboard, hold down the Spacebar and `B` at the same time, plug in your keyboard and wait a second before releasing the keys
* Unplug your keyboard, hold down the top or bottom left key (usually Escape or Left Control) and plug in your keyboard
* Press the physical `RESET` button, usually located on the underside of the PCB
* Locate header pins on the PCB labeled `RESET` and `GND`, and short them together while plugging your PCB in
If you've attempted all of the above to no avail, and the main chip on the board says `STM32` on it, this may be a bit more complicated. Generally your best bet is to ask on [Discord](https://discord.gg/Uq7gcHh) for assistance. It's likely some photos of the board will be asked for -- if you can get them ready beforehand it'll help move things along!
Otherwise, you should see a message in yellow, similar to this in QMK Toolbox:
```
*** DFU device connected: Atmel Corp. ATmega32U4 (03EB:2FF4:0000)
```
and this bootloader device will also be present in Device Manager, System Information.app, or `lsusb`.
## Flashing Your Keyboard with QMK Toolbox ## Flashing Your Keyboard with QMK Toolbox
The simplest way to flash your keyboard will be with the [QMK Toolbox](https://github.com/qmk/qmk_toolbox/releases). The simplest way to flash your keyboard will be with the [QMK Toolbox](https://github.com/qmk/qmk_toolbox/releases).
However, the QMK Toolbox is only available for Windows and macOS currently. If you're using Linux (or just wish to flash the firmware from the command line), proceed down to [Flash Your Keyboard From The Command Line](#flash-your-keyboard-from-the-command-line). However, the Toolbox is currently only available for Windows and macOS. If you're using Linux (or just wish to flash the firmware from the command line), skip to the [Flash your Keyboard from the Command Line](#flash-your-keyboard-from-the-command-line) section.
### Load The File Into QMK Toolbox ### Load the File into QMK Toolbox
Begin by opening the QMK Toolbox application. You'll want to locate the firmware file in Finder or Explorer. Your keyboard firmware may be in one of two formats- `.hex` or `.bin`. QMK tries to copy the appropriate one for your keyboard into the root `qmk_firmware` directory. Begin by opening the QMK Toolbox application. You'll want to locate the firmware file in Finder or Explorer. Your keyboard firmware may be in one of two formats- `.hex` or `.bin`. QMK tries to copy the appropriate one for your keyboard into the root `qmk_firmware` directory.
If you are on Windows or macOS there are commands you can use to easily open the current firmware folder in Explorer or Finder. If you are on Windows or macOS, there are commands you can use to easily open the current folder in Explorer or Finder.
#### Windows #### Windows
@ -38,65 +61,44 @@ For example, the `planck/rev5` with a `default` keymap will have this filename:
planck_rev5_default.hex planck_rev5_default.hex
``` ```
Once you have located your firmware file drag it into the "Local file" box in QMK Toolbox, or click "Open" and navigate to where your firmware file is stored. Once you have located your firmware file drag it into the "Local file" box in QMK Toolbox, or click "Open" and navigate to where your firmware file is stored.
### Put Your Keyboard Into DFU (Bootloader) Mode
In order to flash your custom firmware you have to put your keyboard into a special flashing mode. While it is in this mode you will not be able to type or otherwise use your keyboard. It is very important that you do not unplug your keyboard or otherwise interrupt the flashing process while the firmware is being written.
Different keyboards have different ways to enter this special mode. If your PCB currently runs QMK or TMK and you have not been given specific instructions try the following, in order:
* Hold down both shift keys and press `Pause`
* Hold down both shift keys and press `B`
* Unplug your keyboard, hold down the Spacebar and `B` at the same time, plug in your keyboard and wait a second before releasing the keys
* Press the physical `RESET` button on the bottom of the PCB
* Locate header pins on the PCB labeled `BOOT0` or `RESET`, short those together while plugging your PCB in
When you are successful you will see a message similar to this in QMK Toolbox:
```
*** Clueboard - Clueboard 66% HotSwap disconnected -- 0xC1ED:0x2390
*** DFU device connected
```
### Flash Your Keyboard ### Flash Your Keyboard
Click the `Flash` button in QMK Toolbox. You will see output similar to the following: Click the `Flash` button in QMK Toolbox. You will see output similar to the following:
``` ```
*** Clueboard - Clueboard 66% HotSwap disconnected -- 0xC1ED:0x2390 *** DFU device connected: Atmel Corp. ATmega32U4 (03EB:2FF4:0000)
*** DFU device connected
*** Attempting to flash, please don't remove device *** Attempting to flash, please don't remove device
>>> dfu-programmer atmega32u4 erase --force >>> dfu-programmer.exe atmega32u4 erase --force
Erasing flash... Success Erasing flash... Success
Checking memory from 0x0 to 0x6FFF... Empty. Checking memory from 0x0 to 0x6FFF... Empty.
>>> dfu-programmer atmega32u4 flash /Users/skully/qmk_firmware/clueboard_66_hotswap_gen1_skully.hex >>> dfu-programmer.exe atmega32u4 flash "D:\Git\qmk_firmware\gh60_satan_default.hex"
Checking memory from 0x0 to 0x55FF... Empty. Checking memory from 0x0 to 0x3F7F... Empty.
0% 100% Programming 0x5600 bytes... 0% 100% Programming 0x3F80 bytes...
[>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>] Success [>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>] Success
0% 100% Reading 0x7000 bytes... 0% 100% Reading 0x7000 bytes...
[>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>] Success [>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>] Success
Validating... Success Validating... Success
0x5600 bytes written into 0x7000 bytes memory (76.79%). 0x3F80 bytes written into 0x7000 bytes memory (56.70%).
>>> dfu-programmer atmega32u4 reset >>> dfu-programmer.exe atmega32u4 reset
*** DFU device disconnected *** DFU device disconnected: Atmel Corp: ATmega32U4 (03EB:2FF4:0000)
*** Clueboard - Clueboard 66% HotSwap connected -- 0xC1ED:0x2390
``` ```
## Flash your Keyboard from the Command Line ## Flash your Keyboard from the Command Line
This has been made pretty simple compared to what it used to be. When you are ready to compile and flash your firmware, open up your terminal window and run the flash command: This has been made pretty simple compared to what it used to be. When you are ready to compile and flash your firmware, open up your terminal window and run the flash command:
qmk flash qmk flash
If you have not configured your keyboard/keymap name, or you have multiple keyboards, you can specify the keyboard and keymap: If you have not configured your keyboard/keymap name in the CLI, or you have multiple keyboards, you can specify the keyboard and keymap:
qmk flash -kb <my_keyboard> -km <my_keymap> qmk flash -kb <my_keyboard> -km <my_keymap>
This will check the keyboard's configuration, and then attempt to flash it based on the specified bootloader. This means that you don't need to know which bootloader that your keyboard uses. Just run the command, and let the command do the heavy lifting. This will check the keyboard's configuration, and then attempt to flash it based on the specified bootloader. This means that you don't need to know which bootloader that your keyboard uses. Just run the command, and let the command do the heavy lifting.
However, this does rely on the bootloader being set by the keyboard. If this information is not configured, or you're using a board that doesn't have a supported target to flash it, you will see this error: However, this does rely on the bootloader being set by the keyboard. If this information is not configured, or you're using a board that doesn't have a supported target to flash it, you will see this error:
WARNING: This board's bootloader is not specified or is not supported by the ":flash" target at this time. WARNING: This board's bootloader is not specified or is not supported by the ":flash" target at this time.