QMK has the ability to control RGB LEDs attached to your keyboard. This is commonly called *underglow*, due to the LEDs often being mounted on the bottom of the keyboard, producing a nice diffused effect when combined with a translucent case.
Some keyboards come with RGB LEDs preinstalled. Others must have them installed after the fact. See the [Hardware Modification](#hardware-modification) section for information on adding RGB lighting to your keyboard.
Currently QMK supports the following addressable LEDs (however, the white LED in RGBW variants is not supported):
These LEDs are called "addressable" because instead of using a wire per color, each LED contains a small microchip that understands a special protocol sent over a single wire. The chip passes on the remaining data to the next LED, allowing them to be chained together. In this way, you can easily control the color of the individual LEDs.
## Usage
On keyboards with onboard RGB LEDs, it is usually enabled by default. If it is not working for you, check that your `rules.mk` includes the following:
?> There are additional configuration options for ARM controllers that offer increased performance over the default WS2812 bitbang driver. Please see [WS2812 Driver](ws2812_driver.md) for more information.
At minimum you must define the data pin your LED strip is connected to, and the number of LEDs in the strip, in your `config.h`. For APA102 LEDs, you must also define the clock pin. If your keyboard has onboard RGB LEDs, and you are simply creating a keymap, you usually won't need to modify these.
Then you should be able to use the keycodes below to change the RGB lighting to your liking.
### Color Selection
QMK uses [Hue, Saturation, and Value](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSL_and_HSV) to select colors rather than RGB. The color wheel below demonstrates how this works.
<imgsrc="gitbook/images/color-wheel.svg"alt="HSV Color Wheel"width="250"/>
Changing the **Hue** cycles around the circle.<br>
Changing the **Saturation** moves between the inner and outer sections of the wheel, affecting the intensity of the color.<br>
Changing the **Value** sets the overall brightness.<br>
?> `RGB_*` keycodes cannot be used with functions like `tap_code16(RGB_HUI)` as they're not USB HID keycodes. If you wish to replicate similar behaviour in custom code within your firmware (e.g. inside `encoder_update_user()` or `process_record_user()`), the equivalent [RGB functions](#functions) should be used instead.
!> By default, if you have both the RGB Light and the [RGB Matrix](feature_rgb_matrix.md) feature enabled, these keycodes will work for both features, at the same time. You can disable the keycode functionality by defining the `*_DISABLE_KEYCODES` option for the specific feature.
|`RGBLIGHT_SAT_STEP` |`17` |The number of steps to increment the saturation by |
|`RGBLIGHT_VAL_STEP` |`17` |The number of steps to increment the brightness by |
|`RGBLIGHT_LIMIT_VAL` |`255` |The maximum brightness level |
|`RGBLIGHT_SLEEP` |*Not defined* |If defined, the RGB lighting will be switched off when the host goes to sleep |
|`RGBLIGHT_SPLIT` |*Not defined* |If defined, synchronization functionality for split keyboards is added |
|`RGBLIGHT_DISABLE_KEYCODES`|*Not defined* |If defined, disables the ability to control RGB Light from the keycodes. You must use code functions to control the feature|
|`RGBLIGHT_DEFAULT_MODE` |`RGBLIGHT_MODE_STATIC_LIGHT`|The default mode to use upon clearing the EEPROM |
|`RGBLIGHT_DEFAULT_HUE` |`0` (red) |The default hue to use upon clearing the EEPROM |
|`RGBLIGHT_DEFAULT_SAT` |`UINT8_MAX` (255) |The default saturation to use upon clearing the EEPROM |
|`RGBLIGHT_DEFAULT_VAL` |`RGBLIGHT_LIMIT_VAL` |The default value (brightness) to use upon clearing the EEPROM |
|`RGBLIGHT_DEFAULT_SPD` |`0` |The default speed to use upon clearing the EEPROM |
Note: For versions older than 0.6.117, The mode numbers were written directly. In `quantum/rgblight/rgblight.h` there is a contrast table between the old mode number and the current symbol.
Use these defines to add or remove animations from the firmware. When you are running low on flash space, it can be helpful to disable animations you are not using.
?> **Note:** Lighting Layers is an RGB Light feature, it will not work for RGB Matrix. See [RGB Matrix Indicators](feature_rgb_matrix.md#indicators) for details on how to do so.
By including `#define RGBLIGHT_LAYERS` in your `config.h` file you can enable lighting layers. These make
it easy to use your underglow LEDs as status indicators to show which keyboard layer is currently active, or the state of caps lock, all without disrupting any animations. [Here's a video](https://youtu.be/uLGE1epbmdY) showing an example of what you can do.
By default, 8 layers are possible. This can be expanded to as many as 32 by overriding the definition of `RGBLIGHT_MAX_LAYERS` in `config.h` (e.g. `#define RGBLIGHT_MAX_LAYERS 32`). Please note, if you use a split keyboard, you will need to flash both sides of the split after changing this. Also, increasing the maximum will increase the firmware size, and will slow sync on split keyboards.
To define a layer, we modify `keymap.c` to list the LED ranges and the colors we want to overlay on them using an array of `rgblight_segment_t` using the `RGBLIGHT_LAYER_SEGMENTS` macro. We can define multiple layers and enable/disable them independently:
We combine these layers into an array using the `RGBLIGHT_LAYERS_LIST` macro, and assign it to the `rgblight_layers` variable during keyboard setup. Note that you can only define up to 8 lighting layers. Any extra layers will be ignored. Since the different lighting layers overlap, the order matters in the array, with later layers taking precedence:
```c
// Now define the array of layers. Later layers take precedence
Blinking accumulates layers so if multiple layers are set blinking at the same time they will all blink for the duration and repeat times of the last layer to be blinked.
To stop these other layers from blinking use `rgblight_unblink_layer` or `rgblight_unblink_all_but_layer`:
!> Lighting layers on split keyboards will require layer state synced to the slave half (e.g. `#define SPLIT_LAYER_STATE_ENABLE`). See [data sync options](feature_split_keyboard.md#data-sync-options) for more details.
Normally lighting layers are not shown when RGB Lighting is disabled (e.g. with `RGB_TOG` keycode). If you would like lighting layers to work even when the RGB Lighting is otherwise off, add `#define RGBLIGHT_LAYERS_OVERRIDE_RGB_OFF` to your `config.h`.
Usually lighting layers apply their configured brightness once activated. If you would like lighting layers to retain the currently used brightness (as returned by `rgblight_get_val()`), add `#define RGBLIGHT_LAYERS_RETAIN_VAL` to your `config.h`.
If you need to change your RGB lighting in code, for example in a macro to change the color whenever you switch layers, QMK provides a set of functions to assist you. See [`rgblight.h`](https://github.com/qmk/qmk_firmware/blob/master/quantum/rgblight/rgblight.h) for the full list, but the most commonly used functions include:
|`rgblight_setrgb_at(r, g, b, index)` |Set a single LED to the given RGB value, where `r`/`g`/`b` are between 0 and 255 and `index` is between 0 and `RGBLED_NUM` (not written to EEPROM) |
|`rgblight_sethsv_at(h, s, v, index)` |Set a single LED to the given HSV value, where `h`/`s`/`v` are between 0 and 255, and `index` is between 0 and `RGBLED_NUM` (not written to EEPROM) |
|`rgblight_setrgb_range(r, g, b, start, end)`|Set a continuous range of LEDs to the given RGB value, where `r`/`g`/`b` are between 0 and 255 and `start`(included) and `stop`(excluded) are between 0 and `RGBLED_NUM` (not written to EEPROM)|
|`rgblight_sethsv_range(h, s, v, start, end)`|Set a continuous range of LEDs to the given HSV value, where `h`/`s`/`v` are between 0 and 255, and `start`(included) and `stop`(excluded) are between 0 and `RGBLED_NUM` (not written to EEPROM)|
|`rgblight_setrgb(r, g, b)` |Set effect range LEDs to the given RGB value where `r`/`g`/`b` are between 0 and 255 (not written to EEPROM) |
|`rgblight_setrgb_master(r, g, b)` |Set the LEDs on the master side to the given RGB value, where `r`/`g`/`b` are between 0 and 255 (not written to EEPROM) |
|`rgblight_setrgb_slave(r, g, b)` |Set the LEDs on the slave side to the given RGB value, where `r`/`g`/`b` are between 0 and 255 (not written to EEPROM) |
|`rgblight_sethsv_master(h, s, v)` |Set the LEDs on the master side to the given HSV value, where `h`/`s`/`v` are between 0 and 255 (not written to EEPROM) |
|`rgblight_sethsv_slave(h, s, v)` |Set the LEDs on the slave side to the given HSV value, where `h`/`s`/`v` are between 0 and 255 (not written to EEPROM) |
If you want to make the logical order of LEDs different from the electrical connection order, you can do this by defining the `RGBLIGHT_LED_MAP` macro in your `config.h`.
Normally, the contents of the LED buffer are output to the LEDs in the same order.
Using the `rgblight_set_clipping_range()` function, you can prepare more buffers than the actual number of LEDs, and output some of the buffers to the LEDs. This is useful if you want the split keyboard to treat left and right LEDs as logically contiguous.
You can set the Clipping Range by executing the following code.
If your keyboard lacks onboard underglow LEDs, you may often be able to solder on an RGB LED strip yourself. You will need to find an unused pin to wire to the data pin of your LED strip. Some keyboards may break out unused pins from the MCU to make soldering easier. The other two pins, VCC and GND, must also be connected to the appropriate power pins.
